Eye Liner

Liner gives a dramatic look to eyes it shapes the eyes.There are two types of eye liners
Cake liner or matte liner
Dip liner or wet liner
There are techniques to apply them both which are given below
For Cake Liner

• This liner is applied through brush.First dip a brush in 2 to 3 drops of water and then take liner on this brush.
• Then apply it on eye according to your eye shape.
• For almond shaped eyes thick line of liner is suitable,for less broader eyes thin line of liner is suitable
• Liner is basically enhances the shape of your eyes.For Asian skin tone black liner is good and for western skin tone colored liner can be looked good as well.
• On the edges the line will be thin while in the center it will be little bit thicker.
• An 80's century touch or eastern touch can be given by giving liner upward curve on outer corner of the eye.

For Dip Liner

• This type of liner has it's own brush.
• The application method is same as of cake liner.
• On the edge it will be thin and in center it will be thick.
• The liner brush should be hold from the bottom end for the application of smooth line.
  

Hair Streaking

Streaking is coloring of hair according to your desire some people like golden shades some like brown shades.You can use any color you like but there is a certain procedure of doing it and certain thing required for doing it.It gives trendy look to your hairs and thus nourishes your beauty.The things required for streaking are
Bowl
Brush
Tail Comb
Gloves
Streaking Cap or foil paper
A long pin
Shower Cap
Comb
Color along with developer

• First of all shampoo your hair and let them dry.
• After drying brush your hair.
• Put streaking cap on your head there are pores in it put your hairs out of these pores starting from top to bottom.
• Take out hair by leaving the gap of one or two holes.For this purpose you can use a long pin.
• Take out hair through in gently.
• When you have taken out all the hair through cap holes brush them gently.
• Then apply hair bleach on it and again brush it and wear shower cap on it.
  
• Check on regular intervals and when you got the desired results wash them off with fresh water and shampoo.
• Don't put off streaking cap and wash the bleached hair wearing this cap.
• Then apply your desired color on the bleached hair.
• Wear shower cap on your head and after 40 to 45 mins put off streaking cap and shower cap.
• Wash off hear with shampoo and then apply conditioner on hair.
• Now after streaking you can do blow drying for getting a beautiful look

Hair Bleaching

Hair bleaching is the initial step of hair coloring because if you want to highlight your hair with color or want to do streaking you have to do bleaching first to cut down the natural color of your hair.Here are some guidelines to do hair bleaching

• First of all mix hair bleach in developer.
• Then divide your hair with tail comb or take parts for highlighting a specific portion of your hair.
• Apply bleach with brush on that parts and always start bleaching hair from back side and then come to front side.
• Don't apply bleach into the roots of hair it will damage your hair.Apply it by leaving a gap of an inch from the roots.
• After applying bleach leave it for 5 mins and then brush that specific area in case of highlighting and in case of streaking whole hairs.
• Bleach always changes the color the first shade which brings through bleaching is copper.If you want to color in the range of copper color then immediately wash off your head with shampoo.
• In second stage golden color appears and if you want to apply golden shade then wash it off.
• The last stage gives light or creme shade and if you want to color them with light shade take your hair to last step and then wash it off.
• After bleaching wash your hair with shampoo and apply conditioner on them.
• Bleaching weakens hair so use pre bleaching spray before bleaching or pre bleaching conditioner
  

Hair Vitamins

Vitamins are necessary for hair growth and every style suits on your hair if they are healthy and strong.Because intake of vitamins nourishes your hair.There are some vitamins which are required in daily routine.As your body needs diet your hair also needs a nutritious diet.

• In your diet include fish in winter because it is very good or hair.You can egg thrice a week and if it suits you,it can be taken on daily basis.Chicken,cheese and milk are also very nutritious diets which should be included in your routine to make your hair healthy.
• Vitamin B complex strengthens the tubes of hair so avoid using excess of sugar and caffeine.Vitamin B complex is present in bananas,almonds,grapes,tomatoes,green vegetables,potatoes etc
• For blood circulation in your head vitamin E is very necessary and it is usually present in dry fruits.
  
• Vitamin C rejuvenates your hair growth tissues.It is also increases blood flow and circulation and it is usually present in citrus fruits and vegetables like orange and lemon respectively
  

Hair Straightening

Some people have wavy hair so they want straight hair and some people in order to get smooth hair on different events likes straight hair.It can be done temporarily with hair straightening iron but there are certain tips and techniques to do straightening properly.

• Always do oiling and then wash your hair with a shampoo and use conditioner after it when you are going to straight your hair it will give a shiny and smooth look to hair.
• Before applying straightening iron on hair apply a straightening serum on hair to lessen the affect of damage.
• After applying serum divide your hair into parts with tail comb.
• First straight back hairs and then come to front side of hairs.
• Hold hairs in straightener and slowly move it for 2 mins if your hair are very curly.
• After straightening set them according to your desire
  

Whole Procedure of Makeup

These pictures shows the whole procedure of makeup step by step

Hair Coloring Technique

When you want to dye your white hairs there is procedure of doing it for getting better results and avoid rapid damaging of hair.The things required for hair coloring are
Shampoo
Conditioner
After Color Conditioner
Hair Color
Tail Comb
Hair Brush
Hair Capsule

• First of all if your hair have some oil or dirty then wash it with shampoo and let them dry because color doesnt works if there is oil present in hair.
• Then after drying divide hair in separate parts with tail comb.Then mix your your hair color and start applying it if you want to color white hair then start it from front and if fashion color then start it from back.
• First apply color in front divided parts and then in back divided parts.
• Leave it for 5 mins and then start combing hair with brush it will blend the color in hair till the end of hair tips.
• Leave the color for 40 mins.
• Then wash it off with fresh water and then apply some shampoo and wash your hair.
• Then apply after color conditioner.
• When your hair are half dried then apply hair capsule in hair it will remove chemical effects and give your hair healthy and fresh look.

Blow Drying

Blow dry gives your hair a neat and beautiful look.The things required for blow drying are
Hair Dryer
Brush.
Round Brush
Tale Comb
Hair Spray or Gel
Hair Separators or Separating Clutches

• First of all shampoo your hair and then condition your hair with conditioner.
• Apply gel or hair spray in wet hair.
  
• Then divide your hair in four parts with the help of tail comb back ,front, left and right and clutch them up with clutchers.
• Now take off clutcher from the back side and with round brush roll hair around brush in your desired direction outward or inward then take dryer one feet away from hair and get them full dry with dryer and then hold it for 1 min and then take off brush slowly.
• Now clutch off front hair and roll them with round brush and let them dry with dryer and take off brush slowly.
• Same is the procedure you have to do with left and right side of hair and give direction according to your own desire.
• Then in the end brush with hair and give them the style you want.

Nose Contouring

This picture shows that how you can do contouring on your nose.Contour your nose according to your nose shape.

• If you have a broad nose then apply dark shades on sides of nose and apply a straight line in middle of your nose with highlighter.
• If your nose tips is pointed apply a dark shade on tip of your nose.
• To make tilted nose straight do shadowing around nose as you can see in the picture below.
  

Party Makeup

Party makeup is quiet different from casual makeup because it includes extra shine and much brighter shades of blush and eye shades.Here is the procedure to do party makeup.

• First of all do cleansing and if it is summer season then gently give the massage of ice on face for 2 mins.
• Wait for 5 mins after cleansing and then start makeup.
• First apply concealer on dark spots on face and around eyes then leave it for 3 mins.
• Then apply T.V paint stick matching with your skin tone and blend it with sponge.
• Leave face free for 2 mins then apply pan cake with wet sponge.It should also matches with your skin tone and T.V paint stick color.
• Blend it gently.
• Apply face powder all over face and neck.
• Now it's the turn of eyes first cover them with base color then apply eye shade matching with your dress and apply apply black or brown on the side corners and highlighter on upper lit bones and after that to give a shimmering touch apply shimmer on the outer and inner corners and for glossy touch apply eye gloss on outer and inner corners.
• Apply eyeliner cake or wet liner smoothly on eyes.
• Then to give a dramatic look apply kajol in eyes and in case of using cake liner apply thin line of liner under eyes.
• Then apply mascara.
• Give shape to eyebrows with hard black and brown pencil.
• Now apply blush on on cheeks for party make up choose dark or slightly shimmering shades.Then do contouring.
• At the end apply lip line and then fill the outline with the lipstick and apply gloss over it.
  

Soft Makeup

Soft makeup is the makeup which is done in daily routine to give your face a soft touch.It usually involves pink shades to make a natural look.Below is the procedure given for doing it

• First of all do cleansing and then start make up after 5 mins.
• Apply concealer and let it dry for 2 mins
• Then apply foundation and blend it.
• After foundation application wait for 5 mins then apply foundation powder.
• Now it's the turn of eye apply base color and then apply pink shade around eye and then brown shade.Blend it gently.
• Apply cake liner on eyes.
• Apple mascara on upper and lower lashes.
• Shape your brows with hard black and brown pencil.
• Apply pink shade blush on on cheeks and then do contouring with brown shade.
• Apply pink outline on lips according to lips shape and then fill it with light pink lipstick.
• Apply pink shade gloss on lips if you want to give your lips a glossy touch.
  

Nail Polish Application

It is quiet difficult to apply nail polish.The beauty of nails vanishes if it is not applied properly.Here are some tips to apply nail polish properly.

• After manicure the next important step is to apply nail polish to make nails attractive.
• Start applying nail polish from the difficult side i.e. left hand's last finger.
• Then apply it on right hand.
• First coat of nail polish should be applied on the middle of nails and then on the corners.
• Let it dry and then apply second coat.
• Do not apply nail polish under fan or where there is wind blowing.
• Always put your hands on something smooth like table.
  

Lipstick Colors

Selection of lipstick color is very difficult task.Because if you have not chosen lipstick color according to your skin tone it will look odd.So selecting a right shade in accordance with your skin tone is the main thing in makeup technique.

• For fair colors bright colors are used to soften the look of face like red,maroon,purple etc
• For wheatish skin tone pink colors and light brown colors are more suitable.
• For dark skin tone soft colors like beige are much suitable.

It is an art and depends upon how you outline your lips if you are using dark outline then fill it with lighter shades and if you are using light outline then fill it with darker shades.

Nail Polish Colors

In nourishing the beauty of your nails nail polish selection plays and important role.It should also be according to your skin tone and age.Because if you have applied a nail polish which is not matching with your skin tone and age your whole beauty will be exploited.

• For young girls all shades of peach and pink are suitable.
• For mature ladies all dull shades like maroon are suitable.
  
• For fair skin tone reddish colors are suitable
• For dull skin tone light colors are much suitable.
  

Applying Mascara

Mascara is applied to make the eye lashes thick and long.It gives a dramatic look to your eyes.Here are some tips to apply mascara.

• Select mascara according to your lashes type if you have thin lashes then select volume mascara which will give thicker look to your lashes and thus make your eyes beautiful.If your lashes are thin then select mascara which will give your lashes a separate look i.e. there are mascaras available in the market without brush.
• Apply first coat of mascara and then let it dry.
• Then apply second coat of mascara and let it dry.
• Then curl your lashes with lashes curler.
• Water proof mascara is used for staying of makeup for long time
  

How to Apply Concealer

Concealer is the thing which hides your face spots and dark circles around your eyes.There is a proper procedure of applying it which is given below to get better results.

• Select the concealer color according to your skin tone.It should be little bit lighter than your skin tone.
  
• Concealer is applied in the start of makeup.
• Apply it in the form of spots on the face where there are spots.
• Then apply it around your eyes.
• Apply it on blue areas like above lips and chin.
• If you have darker circles around eyes apply another coat of concealer.
• Then let it dry.
• After 2 mins blend it with your finger tips or sponge.
• After this start your makeup.
  

Eye Structure for Eye Makeup

This is the eye structure by which you can understand of doing eyes makeup easily.

• The most important thing is eye lid which includes socket line,small lit,lower lit,inner corner and outer corner.
• To give dramatic look application of mascara in a proper way is very important.
• Eye Brows are also the major part of eye make up they should be shaped according to the face and eyes makeup you have done.
• All the term used above will be used in eyes makeup i will be posting later on
  

Double Shade Eye Makeup

This is the double eye shade makeup which is commonly used in daily routine

• First apply concealer on and around the whole eye so that your dark circles become invisible.
• Apply light color like pink,peach,light brown etc on whole eye lid.
• Apply light reddish eye shade on inner corner of eye.
• Then apply dark green eye shade on socket line and blend it.
• If you like shimmers in daily routine too apply glitter on outer corner.
  
• Apply highlighter golden or silver according to your desire on upper lit eye bone.
• Then apply black pencil from inner corner to outer corner on lower side of eyes.
• On the end apply mascara first on upper lash and then on lower lash.
• Shape your eye brows with hard black and brown pencil
  

Shimmer Eye Makeup

This picture shows that how you can do shimmer eye makeup

• First of all cover your eyes with concealer.
• Apply base color on the whole eye lid.
• Apply orange color on the lid and blend it and then apply dark brown color on outer corner and on inner corner apply shimmering color golden and silver eye shade.
• Apply highlighter on the upper lit bone.
• Apply shimmers according to your own desire on inner and outer corner of eye.
• Apply black pencil on lower portion of eye.
• Apply eye liner smoothly around the eye.
• Then apply mascara first on upper lash and then on lower lash.Let it dry and then apply it again it will give dramatic look.
• Shape your eyebrows with hard black and brown pencil.
  

Lipstick Application

The picture is explaining the technique to apply lipstick.

• First apply concealer on your lips or foundation which you have used on face then leave it for 2 mins.
• Then make boundaries of lips according to the shape of your lips.
• Then fill the the boundaries with the lipstick you want to apply.Apply lipstick with brush it will give a neat look
• To retain your lipstick for long time apply a pinch of talcum powder on lips and then tap it off.
• Apply another coat of lipstick on lips.
  

Smoky Eyes Makeup

Smoky eyes are very popular among eyes make up.People like to give their eyes smoky touch.It makes your eyes more attractive and gives dramatic look.The things required to make smoky eyes are given below
Silver & Golden Highlighter
Silver & Golden Eye Shades
Base Color
White Eye Shade
Steel Grey Eye Shade
Eye Liner
Black Eye Pencil
Volume Thick Mascara

• First of all conceal eyes with the base powder you have used on face and apply concealer below eyes.
• Apple base color on whole eye.
  
• Apply silver and golden eye shade mix on whole lit.
• Apply white color on side corner.
• Apply Steel Grey color from corner to upper from inner to outer.
• Apply eyeliner and then blend it.
• Then apply black pencil on lower side of eye also give light silver and golden touch by eye brush.
• Highlight the socket line and whole eye with golden and silver color.
• Apply mascara on eye lashes upper and lower lash.

Eyebrow Shaping

Here are the shape of eyebrows according to which you should thread them.These are actually the shapes which suits on the type of eyebrows you have.

Manicure Picture

This is the explanation of doing manicure through this picture that how step by step you can do manicure and make your hands skin beautiful

Pedicure Pictures

This is pictorial explanation of pedicure that how massage and relaxation of fingers is done step by step.In the last step a piece of cloth is taken and revolved around the fingers of foot.

Etnis/ Suku Pakpak Selayang Pandang

PENDAHULUAN

Etnis Pakpak berada di Kabupaten Dairi, Kabupaten Pakpak Barat dan sebagian bertempat tinggal di Aceh Singkil (Boang) dan Tapanuli Utara/Tengah (Kelasen). Asal etnis Pakpak diperkirakan datang dari India melalui Barus atau Singkil dan menurut penelitian, tempat pertama orang Pakpak adalah Kuta Pinagar (Kecamatan Salak) keturunan dari si KADA dengan isterinya LONA. Kemudian lahir anaknya bernama si HIANG dengan turunannya 7 (tujuh) orang yaitu si HAJI (Banua Harhar) si RAJA PAKO (Sicike-cike, PUBADA (Aceh Singkil), RANGGARJODI (Buku Tinambunan), MBELLO (Silaan Rumerah), Sanggir (Kelasen/Taput) dan BATA (tidak diketahui kemana perginya).

Jumlah etnis Pakpak sekarang ini baik yang bertempat tinggal di Pakpak maupun di luar Pakpak lebih kurang 500.000 orang. Adapun dari masing-masing tersebut diatas adalah sbb:

a. Si Haji dengan keturunannya bermaga Padang, Brutu dan Solin.

b. Si Raja Pako tempat di Sicike-cike dengan keturunannya Marga Ujung Angkat, Bintang Capah, Sinamo, Kudadiri dan Gajah Manik (Si Pitu Marga)

c. Pubada dengan keturunannya Manik, Beringin, Tendang, Bunurea, Gajah, Siberasa.

d. Ranggar djodi

e. Mbello (Perbaju bigo) Menurut kisah telah tenggelam oleh suatu peristiwa.

f. SANGGIR dengan keturunannya Tumangger, Tinambunan, Anakampun, Meka, Mungkur, Pasi, Pinayungen.

STRUKTUR KEMASYARAKATAN

Masyarakat terdiri dari atas Marga-marga (65 marga) yang mendiami masing-masing kawasan hak tanah ulayat yang merupakan satu kesatuan dengan hidupnya dipimpin oleh Pertaki kemudian diatasnya adalah AUR yang dipimpin seorang Raja.

Struktur kemasyarakatan tersebut diletakkan pada SULANG SILIMA yang terdiri dari pada PRISANG-ISANG (Sukut) Pertualang tengah (Saudara-saudara tengah) PEREKUR-EKUR (Siampunan/bungsu) PERBETEKKEN (berru) dan PUNCA NDIADEP (Puang kula-kula). Pembagian status ini mempunyai peranan penting di dalam kemasyarakatan terutama berkaitan dengan status seseorang yang harus termasuk di dalam Sulang Silima tersebut. Pertaki mempunyai peranan yang sangat luas seperti pepatah mengatakan “Bana bilalang Bana birru, Bana ulubang bana guru” mempunyai kelebihan sebagai Panglima Perang, Raja Adat dan sebagai Guru yang menjadi suri teladan serta panutan bagi masyarakatnya.

SEMANGAT KEBANGSAAN DAN PATRIOTISME

Kalau kita telusuri lebih jauh maka etnis Pakpak menunjukkan tebalnya semangat kebangsaan dan kepatriotan. Etnis ini mempunyai sifat suka menerima hal-hal yang baru tanpa merusak nilai-nilai yang ada dan cepat mengantisipasi nilai-nilai luhur.

Di samping itu orang Pakpak mempunyai sifat terlalu cepat menyesuaikan diri, sehingga banyak yang terjadi sampai menukar marganya. Menguasai bahasa daerah lainnya sangat cepat sehingga rata-rata bisa menguasai bahasa-bahasa daerah di Indonesia ini, sehingga bahasanya sendiri ditinggalkan. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh rasa nasionalisme yang tinggi dalam rangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, tetapi hal ini banyak dimanfaatkan oleh kelompok lain, sehingga padamnya jati diri orang Pakpak. Catatan-catatan buku-buku orientalis Barat juga menyebut orang Pakpak sebagai pemakan orang, namun pada hakekatnya yang dimakan adalah musuh-musuh dalam peperangan (mergraha) jadi bukan kaannibal seperti yang dituduhkan orang Barat tersebut.

Sifat kepatriotannya pun tetap terlihat pada waktu Perang Batak melawan Belanda. Daerah Pakpaklah tempat titik darah penghabisan perjuangan perlawanan Sisingamangaraja XII terhadap Belanda. Banyak panglima orang Pakpak, untuk melindunginya dalam melawan Belanda. Bahwa setelah Sisingamangaraja XII meninggal dunia, perjuangan melawan Belanda terus berlanjut dengan membentuk satuan-satuan gerilya yang disebut “Slimin” sampai tercapainya Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia.

HUKUM ADAT TANAH

Tanah merupakan satu kesatuan dengan kehidupan masyarakat Pakpak atau menunjukkan identitas tentang keberadaan anggota masyarakat tersebut sehingga tanah menentukan hidup matinya masyarakat tersebut. Tanah dikuasai oleh marga sebagai pemilik ulayat tanah tersebut. Adapun bentuk-bentuk tanah sebagai berikut :

a. Tanah tidak diusahai, yaitu “Tanah Karangan Longo-longoon”, “Tanah Kayu Ntua”, “Tanah Talin Tua”, “Tanah Balik Batang” dan Rambah Keddep”.

b. Tanah yang diusahai yaitu “Tahuma Pargadongen”, “Perkenenjenen”, dan “Bungus”.

c. Tanah Perpulungen yaitu embal-embal, Jampalan, dan Jalangen.

d. Tanah Sembahen, yaitu tanah-tanah yang mempunyai sifat magis (keramat) terdiri dari tanah Sembahen Kuta (tidak dapat diperladangi) dan tanah Sembahen Balillon (dapat diperladangi).

e. Tanah Pendebaan yaitu tanah yang diperuntukkan bagai perkuburan.

f. Tanah Persediaan yaitu tanah cadangan dimana tanah ini tetap hak marga, tanah yang dijaga oleh Permangmang (kelompok tertua) dan tidak boleh diganggu.

Menyangkut pergeseran/pengalihan tanah tidak ada dalam hukum adat Pakpak, kecuali tanah Rading Beru (tanah yang diberikan kepada anak perempuan/menantu sepanjang masih dipakai) dan bila tidak dipakai lagi harus dikembalikan kepada kula-kulanya atau yang memberikan tanah rading berru.

Bila ada permasalahan mengenai pertanahan, penyelesaiannya diserahkan kepada Sulang Silima.

PERKAWINAN

Perkawinan dalam masyarakat Pakpak termasuk dalam siklus kehidupan seseorang yang telah diatur tersendiri. Hakekat perkawinan adalah membentuk keluarga untuk mengembang-biakkan keturunan dari kelompok marga, sehingga menjadi penerus kelompoknya. Oleh karena itu bila terjadi perkawinan, maka perkawinan itu melibatkan seluruh keluarga baik dekat maupun jauh. Jadi hakekatnya merupakan ikatan yang tidak ada putusputusnya.

Dalam masyarakat Pakpak dikenal bentuk perkawinan yaitu kawin resmi, kawin mengeke, kawin mengalih, kawin mengerampas, kawin menama dan kawin mencukung. Prosesi perkawinan dimulai dengan “mengeririt”, “mengkata utang” dan diakhiri dengan upacara pernikahan yang disebut merbayo. Didalam aturannya ditentukan bahwa tidak boleh kawin dengan semarga, setiap perkawinan harus diadati, terjadi penyesuaian tutur, perpantangan-perpantangan dan lain-lain.

Perlu pula diketahui bahwa apabila seseorang mengawini seorang wanita, maka ketentuan-ketentuan pemberian (unjuken) dari pihak laki-laki pada pihak perempuan, yang menerima unjuken adalah takal unjuken, upah Turang, Todoan, Togoh-togoh/penampati, upah puhun, upah mendedah, upah Empung dan Remmen-remmen Juluan Tapiin. Sedangkan Oles (kain) yang diserahkan adalah oles Inang ni beru, oles inang peduaken, oles turang ni beru, oles puhun, oles mendedah, oles empung, oles persinabul, oles penelangkeen dan oles persintabiin.

Perlu dicatat bahwa Tokor Berru (pemberian pihak laki-laki) bisa berbentuk mas, kerbau dan lain-lain setiap pemberian harus dibalas pula oleh pihak perempuan dalam bentuk yang telah ditentukan oleh Pengetuai.

KEPERCAYAAN

Pada saat ini masyarakat Pakpak telah memeluk Agama Islam dan Kristen, walaupun sebelumnya sangat kuat terhadap kepercayaan animisme (pelebegu) namun hal ini menunjukkan perobahan yang sangat cepat atas kepercayaan ini, walaupun masih ada kepercayaan-kepercayaan tertentu. Toleransi antara pemeluk Agama tersebut, tinggi karena diikat oleh kekeluargaan.

PAKAIAN

Pakaian sehari-hari pada umumnya saat ini telah disesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman. Tetapi untuk acara adat mempunyai bentuk tersendiri yaitu :

a. Laki-laki:

Adapun pakaian yang dikenakan dalam acara adat oleh laki-laki adalah Oles, bulang-bulang, golok ucang, borgot, tali abak dan kujur sinane.

b. Perempuan:

Pakaian khas adat bagi wanita adalah: Baju merapi-api, oles, saong, cimata leppa-leppa, rabimunduk dan ucang.

MAKANAN

Adapun makanan khas adat Pakpak adalah sebagai berikut:

a. Pelleng, yaitu suatu makanan khas yang diperuntukkan bagi mereka untuk pergi berperang (mergerraha) atau untuk melakukan pekerjaan-pekerjaan dalam mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu.

b. Nditak, yaitu sejenis makanan diperuntukkan bagi seseorang supaya “ulangkengngalen” (patah ditengah) dalam suatu usaha.

c. Nakan Pagit yaitu makan yang diberikan kepada seorang wanita yang sedang hamil.

d. Nakan Nggersing yaitu makanan untuk orang yang meminta agar jangan sakit-sakitan atau sesuatu yang dapat memenuhi maksud, dan

e. Nakan Pengambat yaitu makanan yang diberikan oleh familinya kepada orang yang sedang sakit keras.

RUMAH ADAT

Bentuk rumah Pakpak mempunyai ciri tersendiri yaitu atapnya berbentuk melengkung (ndenggal). Hal ini diumpamakan “petarik-tarik mparas igongken ndenggal” artinya berani memikul resiko apabila sesuatu sudah dikerjakan dan berani mempertahankan sesuatu yang telah diperbuat.

Rumat adat mempunyai fungsi sebagai tempat musyawarah mengenai masalah-masalah kemasyarakatan dan merupakan tempat alat-alat kesenian, sedangkan untuk tempat anak muda serta tamu disediakan rumah tersendiri yang disebut “Bale” dan untuk rapat-rapat biasa dan tempat latihan-latihan kesenian, sedangkan untuk musyawarah dalam bentuk besar dipakai “Kerunggun”.

ALAT KESENIAN

Masyarakat Pakpak mempunyai alat kesenian yang dipelihara sejak nenek moyang yang terdiri dari : Gerantung (tidak terdapat didaerah-daerah lain) Gung, Kalondang, Sarune, Sordam, Kucapi, Genggong, Genderang (sembilan buah) dan lain-lain. Alat kesenian ini bisa milik perorangan dan juga milik bersama.

AKSARA DAN BAHASA

Etnis Pakpak sejak dahulu telah mempunyai aksara yang tertulis dalam buku yang disebut “LAPIHEN”. Dalam buku Lapihen ini terhimpun bermacam-macam catatan dalam bentuk mantera-mantera, religius dan lain-lain dalam bahasa daerah Pakpak. Bahasa ini masih tetap dipakai sebagai bahasa sehari-hari.

GOTONG ROYONG

Sifat gotong royong masih terpelihara di dalam masyarakat Pakpak. Hal ini tercermin dalam kehidupan bersama sehari-hari. Hal ini diwujudkan dalam bentuk sebagai berikut:

a. Rimpah-rimpah yaitu suatu bentuk kerja sama dalam bertanam padi dan lainnya, pelaksanaannya diawali dengan cara “merkua” yaitu dengan terlebih dahulu memberitahukan secara satu persatu keluarga masyarakat agar dapat bersama-sama untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan, misalnya “mardang” (menanam padi).

b. Urup-urupen yaitu suatu kerja sama untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan dengan beberapa keluarga sehingga pekerjaan selesai. Misalnya suatu keluarga mengajak satu keluarga lainnya untuk bersama-sama mengerjakan ladangnya.

PENUTUP

Demikianlah selayang pandang tentang masyarakat Pakpak baik zaman dahulu maupun sekarang sebagai pengenalan bagi mereka yang belum kenal sehingga dapat menjadi bahan pengetahuan.

Penulis : Bpk. H Kadim Brutu SH (Alm.), seorang Tokoh dan sesepuh masyarakat Pakpak